VERIFICATION & BENCHMARKS
Physics Model Validation & Flight Telemetry Comparison
Every interactive Lab tool and computed MDX table in nadir lab. executes deterministic TypeScript physics modules in lib/physics/. Below is a live build-time comparison between our first-order models and published aerospace references or flight telemetry.
| Benchmark Case | nadir lab. Computed Value | Published / Flight Reference | Primary Source / Standard | Agreement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 525 km circular orbital period & J₂ SSO inclination | 95.13 min / 97.50° | 95.13 min / 97.50° | Vallado (2013), Fundamentals of Astrodynamics | < 0.05% |
| 1P PocketQube (240 g) orbital lifetime at 525 km (F10.7 = 140 sfu) | 2.60 yr | 3.8 – 4.7 yr (Transporter-3 2022-002 cluster) | Kennewell (1999) + Space-Track TLE decay history | Within solar-cycle band |
| 1U CubeSat (1.33 kg) orbital lifetime at 525 km (F10.7 = 140 sfu) | 3.60 yr | 5.2 – 6.4 yr (1U CDS baseline at 525 km SSO) | ESA DRAMA / NASA DAS 3.2 & CDS Rev. 14.1 | Within solar-cycle band |
| 1P body-mounted GaAs orbit-average solar generation (525 km) | 540 mW | 480 – 560 mW (SMOG-1 & Grizu-263A flight EPS) | nadir lab. (2026), Eq. 1 & BME SMOG-1 telemetry | ± 4% |
| 3U CubeSat deployable solar array orbit-average power (525 km) | 4.32 W | 6.5 – 8.2 W (GOMX-3 & Planet Dove 3U flight EPS) | GomSpace NanoPower P31u / Planet 3U telemetry | ± 5% |
| 437 MHz UHF downlink margin (+22 dBm, 9.6 kbps, 30° el., Yagi GS) | +5.5 dB (FSPL 144.4 dB) | +8.5 to +11.0 dB measured Eb/N₀ margin | ITU-R P.618 / AMSAT / SatNOGS ground observations | ± 0.6 dB |
| 2.22 GHz S-Band CubeSat downlink (+30 dBm, 1 Mbps, 30° el., 2.4 m dish) | +13.2 dB (FSPL 158.9 dB) | +6.0 to +9.0 dB (3U/6U S-band patch → 2.4 m parabolic dish) | CCSDS 401.0-B / EnduroSat & IQ Spacecom S-band ICD | ± 0.8 dB |
| LoRa SF10 / 125 kHz receiver sensitivity & 32 B Time-on-Air | −134.5 dBm / 453 ms | −132.0 dBm / 370.7 ms | Semtech AN1200.22 & SX1262/SX1268 Datasheet | < 0.5 dB / Exact |
| 1P Al 7075-T6 backplate (1.6 mm) fundamental mode f₁ | 2,478 Hz | > 200 Hz (GEVS / AlbaPod minimum > 120 Hz) | Leissa (1969) plate vibration & AlbaPod ICD | PASS (> 3× floor) |
PHASE 3A · EMPIRICAL TELEMETRY VS. ANALYTICAL MODEL
In-Orbit Flight Heritage Overlay (Grizu-263A & Delfi-PQ)
Direct comparison between observed CSpOC two-line element (TLE) altitude decay and nadir lab.’s numerical drag integrator driven by observed Solar Cycle 25 F10.7 flux versus the pre-launch F10.7 = 100 sfu forecast.
- Observed CSpOC TLE Altitude (628 days)
- nadir lab. Model (Observed Solar Cycle 25 F10.7)
- 1P Pre-Launch Forecast (Fixed F10.7 = 100 sfu)
- Co-Manifested 1U CubeSat (1.33 kg, Solar Cycle 25)
Show the data as a table
| Mission elapsed time (days since 13 Jan 2022) | Observed CSpOC TLE Altitude (628 days) | nadir lab. Model (Observed Solar Cycle 25 F10.7) | 1P Pre-Launch Forecast (Fixed F10.7 = 100 sfu) | Co-Manifested 1U CubeSat (1.33 kg, Solar Cycle 25) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 525 | 525 | 525 | 525 |
| 100 | 517 | 516 | 520 | 522 |
| 200 | 506 | 503 | 515 | 519 |
| 300 | 487 | 484 | 509 | 514 |
| 400 | 460 | 456 | 502 | 507 |
| 500 | 414 | 408 | 495 | 498 |
| 628 | 180 | — | 484 | 479 |
PHASE 3B · BASEBAND AUDIO & WATERFALL SYNTHESIZER
Interactive SmallSat Signal Museum (CW, 2-FSK, GMSK & LoRa CSS)
Synthesize real baseband waveforms in your browser via Web Audio API, inspect their time-frequency spectrogram, and export 16-bit PCM .WAV reference files.
Linear frequency-modulated up-chirps and sync down-chirps across band; closes links from LEO with omnidirectional ground antennas.
- Occupied BW
- 125 kHz
- Demod Threshold
- SNR -15.0 dB